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'''Cryptography''' (from Ancient Greek {{langi|grc|{{link|κρυπτός|wiktionary}}}} [{{langi|grc-Latn|kryptós}}] "hidden"; and {{langi|grc|{{link|γράφειν|wiktionary}}}} [{{langi|grc-Latn|graphein}}], "to write"), or '''cryptology''' (from {{langi|grc|κρυπτός}} and {{langi|grc|{{link|-λογία|wiktionary}}}} [{{langi|grc-Latn|-logia}}], "study"), is the practice and study of techniques for secure communication in the presence of third parties called adversaries. More generally, cryptography is about constructing and analyzing protocols that prevent third parties or the public from reading private messages; various aspects in information security such as data confidentiality, data integrity, authentication, and non-repudiation are central to modern cryptography. Modern cryptography exists at the intersection of the disciplines of mathematics, computer science, electrical engineering, communication science and physics. Applications of cryptography include electronic commerce, chip-based payment cards, digital currencies, [[password]]s and military communications.

Cryptography prior to the modern age was effectively synonymous with ''encryption'', the conversion of information from a readable state to apparent nonsense. The originator of an encrypted message shares the decoding technique only with intended recipients to preclude access from adversaries. The cryptography literature [[Alice and Bob|often uses the names]] Alice ("A") for the sender, Bob ("B") for the intended recipient, and Eve ("eavesdropper") for the adversary. Since the development of rotor cipher machines in World War I and the advent of computers in World War II, the methods used to carry out cryptology have become increasingly complex and its application more widespread.

== See also ==
* [[Password]]
* [[Secure password generator]]
* [[Tor]]
* [[HowTo/SecureShell]]

== Links ==
* {{wikipedia|Cryptography}}
* {{wikipedia|Encyclopedia of Cryptography and Security}}
* {{wikipedia|Strong cryptography}}
* {{wikipedia|Security level}}
* {{wikipedia|Encryption}}
* {{wikipedia|Cipher}}
* {{wikipedia|Crypto Wars}}
* {{wikipedia|Global surveillance}}

Cryptography - Revision history

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